• SRE

  Toil

  Toil is the manual, repetitive, automatable operational work that scales linearly with a service - restarting a stuck job, rotating a certificate by hand, or copy-pasting the same deploy steps every week. Coined by Google SRE, it eats engineering time without producing lasting improvement and quietly caps how much a team can build.

• Branching strategies

  Trunk-based development

  Trunk-based development is a source-control workflow where every engineer integrates small changes into a single shared branch - the trunk - at least once a day. Branches are short-lived, the trunk is always releasable, and unfinished work hides behind feature flags so deploys decouple from releases.

• Application architecture

  Twelve-factor app

  The twelve-factor app is a set of twelve principles for building software-as-a-service applications that deploy cleanly on modern platforms: explicit dependencies, config held in the environment, stateless processes, port binding, disposability and strict dev/prod parity, so the same codebase behaves the same way in every environment.